# Data Infrastructure

Blockchain networks generate and process vast amounts of structured and unstructured data, including transaction records, smart contract executions, and on-chain analytics. The ability to efficiently store, query, and analyze this data is fundamental to supporting scalable decentralized applications (dApps) and ensuring transparency across the ecosystem. Data infrastructure in Nexchain is designed to optimize data availability, retrieval speed, and cross-chain indexing through a combination of high-performance Data APIs and BigQuery public datasets.

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Data infrastructure refers to the underlying architecture that enables efficient storage, indexing, and retrieval of blockchain-related data. Traditional blockchain networks rely on full node storage, where each participating node maintains a copy of all historical transactions. This approach ensures decentralization but introduces data redundancy and slow query performance due to the need to process large datasets sequentially.

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Nexchain addresses these inefficiencies by implementing an off-chain indexing layer that aggregates blockchain event logs and transaction data into a structured format optimized for fast queries. This infrastructure allows dApps to perform real-time analytics, monitor smart contract executions, and access historical transaction data without requiring full node synchronization.

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The data infrastructure architecture is based on [Merkle Patricia Trees](https://techjd.medium.com/build-a-whitelisted-mint-in-react-using-merkletreejs-7b165ac9f9d7) and [key-value storage models](https://www.cardanofoundation.org/blog/merkle-patricia-tries-deep-dive), ensuring data integrity and efficient lookups. The storage function can be defined as:

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<figure><img src="https://1664640593-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fev7FOWChpcR9UNA9zDX1%2Fuploads%2FNXH4uwbY3AeHutlp8aNA%2Fproof_S.png?alt=media&#x26;token=5f27f62e-161a-40a1-986a-bb05ab84b66a" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

where S(k) is the storage address of a given data key 𝑘, H(k) is a cryptographic hash function, and 𝑁 is the total number of storage shards. This approach distributes data efficiently across storage nodes, enabling rapid access and verification.

#### Data APIs

Efficient blockchain data access requires well-structured interfaces that allow developers to query blockchain events, extract transaction details, and integrate analytics into their applications. Nexchain provides a suite of Data APIs that expose structured blockchain data in a format optimized for high-speed access and minimal computational overhead.

The API request model follows a RESTful and GraphQL hybrid approach, allowing users to filter transactions efficiently. A typical API query for retrieving transaction data is structured as follows:

<figure><img src="https://1664640593-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2Fev7FOWChpcR9UNA9zDX1%2Fuploads%2FyLWwMGc7rxHHFEXS1mSA%2Ffinal_corrected_equation.png?alt=media&#x26;token=dabde68b-5fb2-4019-ac77-2811a6540125" alt="" width="563"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

where Q(T) represents the queried transaction set, containing attributes such as transaction hash, sender address, recipient address, transferred value, and timestamp. These APIs ensure that dApps can interact seamlessly with blockchain data without requiring local node storage.

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To further enhance accessibility and analysis capabilities, Nexchain integrates Google BigQuery, a cloud-based analytics platform that enables advanced queries over large blockchain datasets. The Nexchain BigQuery Public Dataset provides an indexed version of the blockchain ledger, allowing developers, researchers, and data scientists to run complex analytics without requiring extensive on-chain computation.
